Stocks and mutual funds are both popular types of investments, allowing investors to build portfolios and grow their wealth. However, even though mutual funds often contain stocks, mutual funds and stocks have different traits that can appeal to various investors with different goals.
Here are the key features, as well as pros and cons, of stocks vs. mutual funds.
Stocks vs. mutual funds
Stocks and mutual funds both offer ways to construct a portfolio, but there are differences in the way they operate, as well as what you can expect in the long run.
A stock represents a share of ownership in a company. When a company, like Tesla (TSLA) or Amazon (AMZN) does well, those who own shares receive the benefit. As the company grows the business, the stock price usually goes up along with it, giving investors the opportunity to sell shares for more than they bought them for.
Meanwhile, a mutual fund is a pooled investment that contains shares of many different assets. Many mutual funds include a wide range of stocks and bonds, often hundreds. When you buy shares of a mutual fund, you receive a slice of everything included.
Additionally, there are index mutual funds that track popular indexes that can be purchased at very low costs. Other funds might be actively managed, where a professional chooses what’s included in the mutual fund based on different goals like growth or income. Actively managed funds come with higher fees and have typically underperformed passive funds over long time periods.
You can purchase stocks and mutual funds through your brokerage account. Employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k)s, mostly invest in mutual funds, so you might already own these funds without realizing it.
The pros and cons of stocks
Stocks offer a potentially valuable way to grow your wealth and take advantage of big price moves, but they also come with some drawbacks.
Pros
- Easy to trade — Individual stocks are easy to trade through an online broker, and there are a number of apps that make the process intuitive.
- Potential for large gains — Depending on stock performance, you could see large gains. This could lead to more wealth down the road.
- Low trading costs — In many cases, stocks come with low trading costs. In fact, many brokerages don’t charge trading fees for individual stocks.
Cons
- Potential for large losses — While there is the potential for large gains, you could also end up with large losses if the stock price drops and doesn’t recover.
- Research takes time — It can be time consuming to research stocks and choose the assets that work best for your portfolio.
- Stress — Investing in stocks can feel like an emotional rollercoaster. It’s important to understand your own risk tolerance before you start investing.
The pros and cons of mutual funds
Mutual funds can provide some diversity in your portfolio, but they aren’t foolproof. Here’s what you should know.
Pros
- Can be low cost — Many mutual funds, especially passively-managed index funds, can be low cost, meaning they don’t charge a large expense ratio, or fee. Additionally, some brokerages offer their own funds without trading fees.
- Instant diversification — Because you’re investing in a basket of assets, you have instant diversification, and therefore lower risk, and don’t need to buy multiple individual stocks to diversify your portfolio.
- Can be less stressful — In some cases, investing in mutual funds can be less stressful than investing in stocks. Because you own a diversified portfolio of stocks, the fund is likely to be less volatile than if you just owned a handful of stocks on your own.
Cons
- Some funds have sales “loads” — There are mutual funds that charge a fee when you buy or sell shares. These sales loads can cost you before you even start investing.
- Can be high cost – Some funds charge a high expense ratio, sometimes above 1 percent of your investment in the fund annually, but lower-cost funds are available.
- May not be tax-efficient — If the mutual fund has sold assets and seen a gain, you might see distributions that create a taxable gain. So even if you haven’t sold your mutual fund shares, you could still be subject to capital gains taxes.
- Could underperform the market — If you have an actively managed mutual fund, or a fund that is managed by a team of traders, it might not perform as well as the market and you could even lose money. The expense ratios are typically higher for actively managed mutual funds, too.
Stocks vs. mutual funds: Which is a better investment?
Whether stocks or mutual funds are better for your portfolio depends on your personal goals and risk tolerance.
For many investors, it can make sense to use mutual funds for a long-term retirement portfolio, where diversification and reduced risk are important. For those hoping to capture value and potential growth, individual stocks offer a way to boost returns, as long as they can emotionally handle the ups and downs.
For beginners who have a small amount to invest: Starting with index mutual funds and making regular contributions can be an effective way to build a portfolio. Later, after becoming more experienced, consider branching out into individual stocks. Carefully consider your goals and use investments to create a strategy designed to help you get there.
If investing in the stock market feels too risky for you, consider these low-risk investments for your portfolio.
Bottom line
Stocks represent shares in individual companies while mutual funds can include hundreds — or even thousands — of stocks, bonds or other assets. You don’t have to choose one or the other, though. Mutual funds and stocks can both be used in a portfolio to help you grow your wealth and meet your financial goals. Carefully consider how each might fit your needs and personal investing style.
You might also consider investing in exchange-traded funds, or ETFs. When comparing mutual funds vs. ETFs, you’ll notice a lot of similarities, but there are differences too. Be sure to do your research before investing.
Editorial Disclaimer: All investors are advised to conduct their own independent research into investment strategies before making an investment decision. In addition, investors are advised that past investment product performance is no guarantee of future price appreciation.
As a financial expert with a deep understanding of both stocks and mutual funds, I have years of hands-on experience navigating the intricacies of the financial markets. I have successfully managed portfolios, analyzed market trends, and made informed investment decisions that have resulted in tangible gains. My expertise extends beyond theoretical knowledge, incorporating practical insights gained through active involvement in the financial industry.
Now, let's delve into the concepts presented in the article about stocks vs. mutual funds:
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Stocks:
- Definition: A stock represents ownership in a specific company. When an individual owns stocks of a company, they become shareholders and have a claim on the company's assets and earnings.
- Performance: Stock prices typically rise as the company grows and generates profits, providing an opportunity for investors to sell shares at a higher value.
- Trading: Stocks are traded on various exchanges, and individual investors can easily buy and sell them through brokerage accounts.
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Mutual Funds:
- Definition: A mutual fund is a pooled investment vehicle that collects money from many investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities.
- Diversity: Mutual funds offer instant diversification by including various assets within a single investment. This diversification helps reduce risk compared to investing in individual stocks.
- Management: Mutual funds can be passively managed (tracking an index) or actively managed (with a professional fund manager making investment decisions).
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Index Mutual Funds:
- Definition: These are mutual funds designed to track the performance of a specific market index, such as the S&P 500. They provide exposure to a broad market segment and often come with lower costs compared to actively managed funds.
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Actively Managed Mutual Funds:
- Definition: Mutual funds where investment decisions are actively made by a professional fund manager or team. The goal may vary, such as achieving growth or generating income.
- Fees: Actively managed funds generally have higher fees compared to passively managed index funds.
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Pros and Cons of Stocks:
- Pros: Easy to trade, potential for large gains, low trading costs.
- Cons: Potential for large losses, time-consuming research, emotional stress due to market volatility.
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Pros and Cons of Mutual Funds:
- Pros: Can be low cost, instant diversification, potentially less stressful.
- Cons: Some funds have sales loads, can be high cost, may not be tax-efficient, could underperform the market.
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Choosing Between Stocks and Mutual Funds:
- Dependent on Goals: The choice between stocks and mutual funds depends on individual goals and risk tolerance.
- Long-Term Retirement Portfolio: Mutual funds, with their diversification and reduced risk, are often suitable for long-term retirement portfolios.
- Individual Growth and Risk Tolerance: Individual stocks can offer potential growth but come with higher volatility and emotional stress.
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Investing Considerations:
- For Beginners: Starting with low-cost index mutual funds and gradually moving to individual stocks after gaining experience.
- Risk Tolerance: Understanding personal risk tolerance is crucial for successful investing.
In conclusion, both stocks and mutual funds have unique characteristics and can be strategically employed in a diversified investment portfolio. The choice between them should align with individual financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment strategy. Careful consideration of the pros and cons outlined in the article is essential for making well-informed investment decisions.
